这份技术报告描述了我们对2022年SOCCERNET挑战的行动提交。挑战是CVPR 2022 ActivityNet研讨会的一部分。我们的提交是基于我们最近提出的一种方法，该方法的重点是通过一组密集采样的检测锚来提高时间精度。由于其对时间精度的重视，这种方法能够在使用较小的时间评估公差的严格平均地图度量上产生竞争结果。最近提出的指标是用于挑战的评估标准。为了进一步改善结果，我们在这里引入了预处理和后处理步骤的小变化，并通过晚期融合结合不同的输入特征类型。本报告描述了由此产生的总体方法，重点是引入的修改。我们还描述了所使用的培训程序，并提出了我们的结果。

我们提出了一个用于视频中时间精确的动作发现的模型，该模型使用一组密集的检测锚，预测了每个锚的检测置信度和相应的细粒时间位移。我们尝试两个行李箱体系结构，两者都能够合并大的时间上下文，同时保留精确本地化所需的较小规模的功能：U-NET的一维版本和变压器编码器（TE）。我们还建议通过应用清晰度最小化（SAM）和混合数据扩展来提出这种培训模型的最佳实践。我们在Soccernet-V2上实现了新的最新技术，这是同类的最大足球视频数据集，其时间定位明显改善。此外，我们的消融表明：预测时间位移的重要性；U-Net和TE Trunks之间的权衡；以及与SAM和MIDUP培训的好处。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

Dataset scaling, also known as normalization, is an essential preprocessing step in a machine learning pipeline. It is aimed at adjusting attributes scales in a way that they all vary within the same range. This transformation is known to improve the performance of classification models, but there are several scaling techniques to choose from, and this choice is not generally done carefully. In this paper, we execute a broad experiment comparing the impact of 5 scaling techniques on the performances of 20 classification algorithms among monolithic and ensemble models, applying them to 82 publicly available datasets with varying imbalance ratios. Results show that the choice of scaling technique matters for classification performance, and the performance difference between the best and the worst scaling technique is relevant and statistically significant in most cases. They also indicate that choosing an inadequate technique can be more detrimental to classification performance than not scaling the data at all. We also show how the performance variation of an ensemble model, considering different scaling techniques, tends to be dictated by that of its base model. Finally, we discuss the relationship between a model's sensitivity to the choice of scaling technique and its performance and provide insights into its applicability on different model deployment scenarios. Full results and source code for the experiments in this paper are available in a GitHub repository.\footnote{https://github.com/amorimlb/scaling\_matters}

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Of late, insurance fraud detection has assumed immense significance owing to the huge financial & reputational losses fraud entails and the phenomenal success of the fraud detection techniques. Insurance is majorly divided into two categories: (i) Life and (ii) Non-life. Non-life insurance in turn includes health insurance and auto insurance among other things. In either of the categories, the fraud detection techniques should be designed in such a way that they capture as many fraudulent transactions as possible. Owing to the rarity of fraudulent transactions, in this paper, we propose a chaotic variational autoencoder (C-VAE to perform one-class classification (OCC) on genuine transactions. Here, we employed the logistic chaotic map to generate random noise in the latent space. The effectiveness of C-VAE is demonstrated on the health insurance fraud and auto insurance datasets. We considered vanilla Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) as the baseline. It is observed that C-VAE outperformed VAE in both datasets. C-VAE achieved a classification rate of 77.9% and 87.25% in health and automobile insurance datasets respectively. Further, the t-test conducted at 1% level of significance and 18 degrees of freedom infers that C-VAE is statistically significant than the VAE.

Air pollution is an emerging problem that needs to be solved especially in developed and developing countries. In Vietnam, air pollution is also a concerning issue in big cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cities where air pollution comes mostly from vehicles such as cars and motorbikes. In order to tackle the problem, the paper focuses on developing a solution that can estimate the emitted PM2.5 pollutants by counting the number of vehicles in the traffic. We first investigated among the recent object detection models and developed our own traffic surveillance system. The observed traffic density showed a similar trend to the measured PM2.5 with a certain lagging in time, suggesting a relation between traffic density and PM2.5. We further express this relationship with a mathematical model which can estimate the PM2.5 value based on the observed traffic density. The estimated result showed a great correlation with the measured PM2.5 plots in the urban area context.

完全自主移动机器人的现实部署取决于能够处理动态环境的强大的大满贯（同时本地化和映射）系统，其中对象在机器人的前面移动以及不断变化的环境，在此之后移动或更换对象。机器人已经绘制了现场。本文介绍了更换式SLAM，这是一种在动态和不断变化的环境中强大的视觉猛烈抨击的方法。这是通过使用与长期数据关联算法结合的贝叶斯过滤器来实现的。此外，它采用了一种有效的算法，用于基于对象检测的动态关键点过滤，该对象检测正确识别了不动态的边界框中的特征，从而阻止了可能导致轨道丢失的功能的耗竭。此外，开发了一个新的数据集，其中包含RGB-D数据，专门针对评估对象级别的变化环境，称为PUC-USP数据集。使用移动机器人，RGB-D摄像头和运动捕获系统创建了六个序列。这些序列旨在捕获可能导致跟踪故障或地图损坏的不同情况。据我们所知，更换 - 峰是第一个对动态和不断变化的环境既有坚固耐用的视觉大满贯系统，又不假设给定的相机姿势或已知地图，也能够实时运行。使用基准数据集对所提出的方法进行了评估，并将其与其他最先进的方法进行了比较，证明是高度准确的。

开发有效的自动分类器将真实来源与工件分开，对于宽场光学调查的瞬时随访至关重要。在图像差异过程之后，从减法伪像的瞬态检测鉴定是此类分类器的关键步骤，称为真实 - 博格斯分类问题。我们将自我监督的机器学习模型，深入的自组织地图（DESOM）应用于这个“真实的模拟”分类问题。 DESOM结合了自动编码器和一个自组织图以执行聚类，以根据其维度降低的表示形式来区分真实和虚假的检测。我们使用32x32归一化检测缩略图作为底部的输入。我们展示了不同的模型训练方法，并发现我们的最佳DESOM分类器显示出6.6％的检测率，假阳性率为1.5％。 Desom提供了一种更细微的方法来微调决策边界，以确定与其他类型的分类器（例如在神经网络或决策树上构建的）结合使用时可能进行的实际检测。我们还讨论了DESOM及其局限性的其他潜在用法。

科学机器学习（SCIML）是对几个不同应用领域的兴趣越来越多的领域。在优化上下文中，基于SCIML的工具使得能够开发更有效的优化方法。但是，必须谨慎评估和执行实施优化的SCIML工具。这项工作提出了稳健性测试的推论，该测试通过表明其结果尊重通用近似值定理，从而确保了基于多物理的基于SCIML的优化的鲁棒性。该测试应用于一种新方法的框架，该方法在一系列基准测试中进行了评估，以说明其一致性。此外，将提出的方法论结果与可行优化的可行区域进行了比较，这需要更高的计算工作。因此，这项工作为保证在多目标优化中应用SCIML工具的稳健性测试提供了比存在的替代方案要低的计算努力。